Category: History

Image of the day – 52

Unfortunately evil, lies and cruelty are often employed as levers and instruments of war (as in the current Russia/Ukraine conflict).

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

Battle of the Boyne

The old cannon in today’s photo dates to the time of the Battle of the Boyne (1690), near the Irish town of Drogheda on the east coast north of Dublin. The battle took place between James II, the final Stuart King of England who was attempting to win back his throne from George III, the first Hanoverian King. But it was a battle of huge significance across the whole of Europe, because both the Catholic Stuarts and the Protestant Hanoverians were backed by various European powers. There were troops from many European states on the battlefield.

George III won the battle and remained the King of England. But the consequences were multinational in nature.

We see the same sorts of thing in the Ukraine/Russia war, it’s not just two national armies pitted against one another. Russia is supported to a greater or lesser degree by China, India, Iran, North Korea, Mongolia, Belarus, and others. Ukraine is supported by most European nations, by the EU, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and others. All of these other countries, to a greater or lesser degree, will be affected by the eventual outcome.

Sometimes it seems the world is incapable of living peacefully. The never-ending struggles between good and evil, for example, or truth and lies, or kindness and cruelty, run far deeper than clashes over which king will rule a particular country. Unfortunately evil, lies and cruelty are often employed as levers and instruments of war (as in the current Russia/Ukraine conflict).

I’ll predict one thing, either Russia or Ukraine will lose this war. I fervently hope and pray that the loser will be the nation that has deployed the most evil, lies and cruelty. We can do with less of those things (though realistically they’ll always be present at some level in human societies).


Images from our Irish holiday 2024

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Irish holiday images:

28th Jul – Welsh Botanic Garden, Robin, Fishguard
29th Jul – Wicklow Mts, Glendalough, Powerscourt, Rose, Greystones
30th Jul – Liffey, Temple Bar, St Patrick’s Cathedral
31st Jul – Newgrange, Battle of the Boyne
1st Aug – Monasterboice, Mourne, Thrift, Window
2nd Aug – Spelga Dam, Hydrangea, Pipework, Lough Neagh
3rd Aug – Coagh, Springhill, Portrush
4th Aug – Beach at Portrush
5th Aug – Giant’s Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede, Portrush

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

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Image of the day – 51

We can imagine the people travelling here for celebrations and for remembering previous generations.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

The entrance to Newgrange

This is the entrance to the passage grave at Newgrange near Drogheda, north of Dublin. Some of what you see here is Neolithic; all of the larger stones are ancient, but there has been some recent reconstruction using smaller, fallen stones. The reconstruction has been somewhat controversial. The decorative, spiral carvings are original and are quite typical of Neolithic art in general.

Whatever your opinion about reconstruction, the tomb is most impressive and the nearby museum provides an excellent overview of the site, the construction and purpose of the monument, and its place in the landscape. There are many other Neolithic structures nearby, the entire area seems to have been a special place for the Neolithic people who lived in Ireland at the time it was in use.

We can only speculate, but we can imagine the people travelling here for celebrations and for remembering previous generations. It must have been a busy place during times of festival and ceremony. You know what that’s like; visitors need food and drink, and they may want to take home objects to remind them of their visit. Just as the visitor centre has a restaurant and gift shop as well as a museum, so 3½ thousand years ago, there would have been the same kinds of activity for exactly the same reasons. Food for sale in some shape or form, objects available to take home, as well as explanations about the deep history and purpose of the extraordinary structures in the area. Stories to be told, myths and legends as well as shared and handed-down memories to be recited.

Deep history indeed!


Images from our Irish holiday 2024

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Irish holiday images:

28th Jul – Welsh Botanic Garden, Robin, Fishguard
29th Jul – Wicklow Mts, Glendalough, Powerscourt, Rose, Greystones
30th Jul – Liffey, Temple Bar, St Patrick’s Cathedral
31st Jul – Newgrange, Battle of the Boyne
1st Aug – Monasterboice, Mourne, Thrift, Window
2nd Aug – Spelga Dam, Hydrangea, Pipework, Lough Neagh
3rd Aug – Coagh, Springhill, Portrush
4th Aug – Beach at Portrush
5th Aug – Giant’s Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede, Portrush

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

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If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 50

Jonathan Swift…famously wrote, ‘In Ireland we have enough religion to make us hate but not enough to make us love’.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin

While we were in Dublin we visited St Patrick’s Cathedral. There are two cathedrals in the city, Christ Church and St Patrick’s. St Patrick’s has an association with the famous author, Jonathan Swift who was Dean and Ordinary here. He famously wrote, ‘In Ireland we have enough religion to make us hate but not enough to make us love’.

The cathedral is beautiful, with much interesting stained glass. It has a long and varied history; astonishingly, Oliver Cromwell used the building to stable his horses. The building has had many ups and downs over the centuries, falling into disrepair and being restored.

The phrase ‘chance your arm’ originated here. In 1492, two feuding families had been in battle and the losing side fled to the cathedral for safety. The winners offered a truce but the losers thought it was trap. A hole was cut in the heavy, wooden door to the building and the leader of the winning side put his arm through to shake hands ‘chancing his arm’ in the process. Everything ended well and the truce was accepted.

Sometimes we might need to do this too – chance our arm. We need to take risks in life in the hope of achieving something useful. ‘Nothing ventured, nothing gained’ is another way of making the same point. Risk it for a biscuit!


Images from our Irish holiday 2024

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Irish holiday images:

28th Jul – Welsh Botanic Garden, Robin, Fishguard
29th Jul – Wicklow Mts, Glendalough, Powerscourt, Rose, Greystones
30th Jul – Liffey, Temple Bar, St Patrick’s Cathedral
31st Jul – Newgrange, Battle of the Boyne
1st Aug – Monasterboice, Mourne, Thrift, Window
2nd Aug – Spelga Dam, Hydrangea, Pipework, Lough Neagh
3rd Aug – Coagh, Springhill, Portrush
4th Aug – Beach at Portrush
5th Aug – Giant’s Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede, Portrush

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

< Previous | Index | Next >

Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 48

There is a cooking fire raised to a useful working height, [and] rows of hooks for tidy storage of equipment.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

So, what’s cooking?

We’ve seen the dining room with its couches and cushions, ideal for reclining when the meal arrives. But how were meals prepared? In the kitchen, of course! In this photo we see the reconstruction of a villa kitchen where the cook (a slave or a hired servant) would do the work required to serve up a suitable meal for the family, and often no doubt for house guests as well.

Clearly, a Roman kitchen couldn’t boast the modern conveniences we all expect today, but think in terms of the people who lived in Britain before and after the Roman period. Iron age people usually lived in round houses with a hearth in the centre. That was it! There might have been a tripod where a cauldron could be hung over the fire or it could be placed on the hearth stones. And Saxon homes were quite similar; they were rectangular rather than circular but there was no dedicated kitchen for preparing food. In this Roman kitchen there are iron racks to keep the pans away from the fire below while letting the heat through. And notice the very practical handle; wooden handles would have scorched and been too hot to hold, so a short piece of wood was used as a temporary handle – genius!

The Roman kitchen looks familiar to us because it’s a separate space in a well-designed and well-built home. There is a cooking fire raised to a useful working height, rows of hooks for tidy storage of equipment, containers of various kinds and sizes, even a wax tablet, perhaps with recipe details or a list of requirements. There was a walk-in larder, not seen in this image, and an oven for baking bread.

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

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If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 47

Fashions come and fashions go. As in the Victorian era, Roman interior design might seem fussy to 21st century minds.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

An impressive ceiling

Roman ceilings ranged from plain and simple to very impressive. We’re still in the villa’s office here, a room that was required to impress, so the ceiling is moulded with recessed squares and richly decorated. Anyone visiting the Master in his office would know right away that this was a person of some privilege and power, a person not to be messed with.

Fashions come and fashions go. As in the Victorian era, Roman interior design might seem fussy to 21st century minds. We value simplicity and our ceilings are usually white and without decoration. If you could invite a Roman to visit your home today, they would assume you were either weird, or lacking the money to have your ceiling improved. They would also have found walls in plain colours baffling – again a sign of poverty. They would no doubt have been hugely impressed by your ability to conjure up music or a disembodied voice at will, and your TV would have spooked them. Your decor would have been disappointing in the extreme.

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

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Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 46

The dark rectangle on the sheet of papyrus or vellum is a miniature abacus, a sort of pocket calculator!

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

Roman office desk

After yesterday’s photo of the office, I thought you might like a closer look at the items on the desk. You can see various scrolls as well as a wax tablet in the middle at the front. The tablet would be used for making notes with a pointed stylus and could be erased with the flattened upper end of the same stylus – very convenient. This tablet is hinged so four writing surfaces are available.

The dark rectangle on the sheet of papyrus is a miniature abacus, a sort of pocket calculator! The papyrus itself has a plan of the property on it. Notice also the glass on the left and the glass decanter on the right (glass was fearfully expensive and therefore an extreme luxury item), several pottery vessels (one containing writing styli), two candlesticks for working after dark, and even some snacks. There’s a bowl of walnuts and another one containing ripe cherries.

Paperwork was just as much of a chore no doubt then as now. Despite the fact that paper had not yet been invented!

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

< Previous | Index | Next >

Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 45

In some ways, Roman life would have seemed quite familiar to us, at least the life led by people of reasonable means.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

The Master’s office

The villa was a place where the master of the house continued his business while away from the cities. He would have had a small office for working on documents and meeting visiting colleagues and officials; he would also use the office when dealing with estate staff concerning the farming work.

Notice the fairly cluttered desk, the comfortable working chair, and two seats across the desk for visitors. There are cupboards for storage, and even a waste bin. We’ll take a closer look at what’s on the desk in the next Image of the day.

In some ways, Roman life would have seemed quite familiar to us, at least the life led by people of reasonable means. In Saxon and medieval times it’s almost as if the calendar has been turned back, not forwards!

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

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If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 44

The ancient forests…would have supported populations of wild boar, wolves would have roamed the forests too.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

The Roman villa in its surroundings

Here’s another view of the villa, you can see one of the farm outbuildings on the left, and a newly planted vineyard in front of the villa. An access road of pounded stone passes this side of a wooden fence, note the avenue of young trees growing on both sides of this road.

It looks very much the way the original villa would have done in Roman times. Two things really give the game away, though. The young vines have modern protection tubes around them to prevent animal damage (these will be removed onece the vines are three or four years old). And the pattern of modern agriculture in the background is entirely wrong. Roman fields would have been much, much smaller and would not have extended far from the villa. Instead, the more distant parts of this view would have been much more heavily wooded.

Today’s conservationists would love to see parts of our landscape return to the way it was in Roman times. A lot of mature forest was cut down during the days of the British Empire to supply timber for the Royal Navy’s ships, as well as for fuel and the growth of towns and cities. The ancient forests that were lost would have supported populations of wild boar, wolves would have roamed the forests too and would have kept the deer population density lower than it is today. This in turn would have made it more likely that tree and wild flower seeds would have survived and spread more abundantly.

Beavers would have created localised ponds and small lakes that would have naturally regulated water flow, and the natural vegetation would have trapped heavy rainfall and released if gradually, reducing flooding. Almost all the British landscape today is far from it’s natural climax state.

So the view beyond the villa would have been altogether different from the modern landscape in the photo.

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

< Previous | Index | Next >

Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 43

It would have been a delight to walk on a floor of this sort, especially with the underfloor heating that wealthy Romans had in their villas and town houses.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

A new mosaic floor

Although most of us will have seen Roman tessellated pavements in museums or at excavation sites, few people will have seen a recently laid floor of this kind. What did a new mosaic floor look like? It looked like this one at The Newt in Somerset!

It would have been a delight to walk on a floor of this sort, especially with the underfloor heating that wealthy Romans had in their villas and town houses. Cool in hot weather, but luxuriously warm in a British winter when the furnace outside had been lit and was being tended by a slave or servant, a warm floor was a wonderful thing indeed.

In the upper left, you will notice some musical instruments placed on stools, when the musicians return in a moment they’ll pick up the instruments, sit on the stools, and begin playing. And then the Master and his dinner guests will arrive to enjoy music until they go through to the triclinium for the meal to be served.

Images of the Roman villa

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Roman villa images:

Ceiling, Desk, Dining room, Exterior1, Exterior2, Garden, Kitchen, Mosaic floor, Office, Sitting room

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

< Previous | Index | Next >

Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!

Image of the day – 38

It’s good to imagine the hustle and bustle of the monks as they tended the farm, milled wheat for flour, [and] baked their bread.

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What’s in an image? Sometimes quite a lot, more than meets the eye.

I’m posting an image every day (or as often as I can). A photo, an image from the internet, a diagram or a map. Whatever takes my fancy.

The monastery at Glendalough

This is the ancient monastery of Glendalough. (Glen da lough – da means two, so the ‘Valley of two lakes’.) The aerial shot was taken from a helicopter in the early twelfth century, showing the thriving monastery with many stone structures, and the round tower in the upper-left corner. This is, of course, a modern model of how the settlement may have appeared, but it absolutely looks like the real thing and it’s easy to imagine flying over the scenery.

Very little remains, though the tower is still complete and some of the ruins are quite impressive (especially the cathedral and the gateway). The site is still in use as a graveyard. The museum nearby is informative and beautifully presented, well worth a thorough visit.

I’m always intrigued by the ruins of once-inhabited places. It’s good to imagine the hustle and bustle of the monks as they tended the farm, milled wheat for flour, baked their bread, and carried out all the other tasks – blacksmithing, building, making repairs, fetching water, weaving – everything it took to survive here. And then, the contemplation and prayer, the worship and copying of illuminated manuscripts: nothing would have been done unless other tasks were done first. No writing without preparing vellum, making inks, fashioning pens – you couldn’t just pop down to the shops!

If you ever have a chance to visit Glendalough, don’t hesitate!


Images from our Irish holiday 2024

For convenience, here’s a list of all the Irish holiday images:

28th Jul – Welsh Botanic Garden, Robin, Fishguard
29th Jul – Wicklow Mts, Glendalough, Powerscourt, Rose, Greystones
30th Jul – Liffey, Temple Bar, St Patrick’s Cathedral
31st Jul – Newgrange, Battle of the Boyne
1st Aug – Monasterboice, Mourne, Thrift, Window
2nd Aug – Spelga Dam, Hydrangea, Pipework, Lough Neagh
3rd Aug – Coagh, Springhill, Portrush
4th Aug – Beach at Portrush
5th Aug – Giant’s Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede, Portrush

Themed image collections

The links below will take you to the first post in each collection

Cirencester, Favourites, Irish holiday 2024, Roman villa

< Previous | Index | Next >

Useful? Interesting?

If you enjoyed this or found it useful, please like, comment, and share below. My material is free to reuse (see conditions), but a coffee is always welcome!